Recently in Indictable Category

June 20, 2011

After a Close Call with a Scooter, Mrs. Chris Snyder is a Road Rage Victim

There was no way that the defendant knew he was attacking the wife of Pittsburgh Pirate pitcher Chris Snyder, and that his temper tantrum was criminal. Driving without a license is indeed illegal, as is aggravated assault. Episodes of road rage similar to his occur every day all over the country on the nations streets and highways. A professional athlete's wife being attacked, while he and their children sit in the car, is genuinely newsworthy, and will not help the defendant's chances in court.

Because the baseball player was incapacitated by back surgery seated in the car and could do nothing but helplessly watch his wife get attacked, an innocent bystander and an off duty cop were left to intervene on Ms. Snyder's behalf, fending off bites, punches with keys between his fingers, and flying shoes. As a result of his extremely poor behavior following a close call while the victim was driving and he was riding a scooter, Mr. Modhwadia was charged with driving with an invalid license, aggravated assault, assault, and criminal mischief. He is being held on $25,000 bail. This will not be an easy case for his attorney.

In New Jersey, any criminal defense attorney should be able to tell you that aggravated assault is governed by NJSA 2C:12-1(b) which governs "attempts to cause serious bodily injury to another..[.]" Based upon police notes from the scene and witness accounts, there is evidence to show that Mr. Modhwadia attempted to cause serious harm to Carla Snyder. Additionally, in New Jersey the aggravated assault is an indictable crime so it would be review by the county prosecutor and most likely would remain in the Superior Court. This defendant is headed for far more than anger management. Anyone who has been the victim of a road rage tantrum, or has had an episode of behavior which has resulted in criminal charges, should without momentary hesitation contact a highly skilled attorney who has years of experience with these types of cases.

March 25, 2011

Criminal Sexual Assault

Three days is all it took for a released sex offender to victimize another person, a teenager, no less, and it gets worse: a disabled teenager, in a bathroom, of all places. Police reportedly found the fourteen year-old victim in Newark's Penn Station appearing as if something was amiss. She told them that she had been assaulted in a library restroom. The forty-five year-old accused had been released from state prison and was wearing an ankle monitor. As of the date of the report, it was unclear if he had retained a defense attorney.

Criminally, this person has definitely dug himself into a grave. He is a "recidivating" or re-offending sex offender, meaning that a subsequent offense will land him an automatic mandatory minimum of five years in prison with no possibility of parole, who can be sent to an additional five years in prison if he faces a new sexual assault charge with aggravating factors. Those aggravating factors include if the rape was forcible, if the victim was a minor, and if he or she is disabled.

Assessments of this sort of behavior lead many to believe that these urges are not easily suppressed or quelled. According to Dr. Gregory J. Coram, Forensic and Medical Psychologist and Director of the Masters program in Criminal Justice at Monmouth University, the acts in which these urges manifest are often unpredictable, repetitive, and non-stop. Rehabilitative treatments, are not often, if ever, likely to be effective when it comes to sex offenders.

"Due to the nature of these sexual disorders," says Dr. Coram, "it is very difficult to make any reasonable prediction on whether or not these individuals will re-offend. Sexual behavior is an integral part of the individual, and any distortions or pathology in that area will permeate their personality. Therefore, I am not a strong believer in true rehabilitation for these types of offenders. They have their signature and their methods, and the capability of rehabilitative treatment to break that pattern of behavior is something I believe to be unrealistic with current treatments."

This type of attack is very serious, and even if the sexual activity itself was not initiated by means of an attack, that is, if it was "consensual", the act would still be considered statutory rape, considering the victim was underage, and in no determinable position to give consent. In terms of legality of sexual activity, any act that is coerced is illegal. Physical force and/or threats need not be used to qualify as criminal.

You might ask, why do I need to know the law? It's not like I would ever commit such an atrocity.

Naturally, it's not expected that any reasonable person would perpetrate a crime like this. However, the laws about statutory rape are not always as crystal clear to everyone as they should be. Plainly, an attorney is in the best position to sort through the details of a questionable scenario as it may be construed by the law. The New Jersey Criminal Code states that sexual activity between an adult (18+) and a child between the ages of 13 and 16 is illegal unless the participants are within four years of age of one another. For example, it is legal for a 20-year old and a 17-year old to engage in sexual activity, but illegal for a 20-year old and a 15 year old to do so. Additionally, any sexual activity involving a child under the age of 13 is strictly illegal. It is worth noting that the gender of the victim or the assailant is not specified.

When it comes to a question of statutory rape, remember: it does not matter if both participants are willing, or even if the underage participant initiates the act itself. The law views a person under the age of 16 as lacking the emotional maturity to give consent to sexual activity, except in the circumstances provided above. And always remember: any act of forcible sex, that is, against the will of either participant, is considered aggravated sexual assault.

The courts do not accept a defense of mistaken age, e.g., "She looked like she was of age to me." The presumption is that if the participant looks underage, it should be assumed that he or she is underage. Real life often presents complications and complexities even where the facts seem clear. As such, anyone involved in an attack, or a relationship or circumstance where these laws may be considered, should contact an attorney who is an expert in this area of practice.

March 11, 2011

A Pound, or 585 Grams, More or Less... is a Big Deal!

One pound of most things is not a lot. A person can lose a pound in a day fairly easily, and gain one as well. But 585 grams, just over ½ of a kilogram or approximately one pound, when it comes to a controlled substance, is all it takes to get yourself in very, very hot water. Two nineteen year old men are certainly in some trouble for allegedly being found with an open container of alcohol, underage drinking, and interestingly, exactly 585 grams of marijuana while in their car in Brick, New Jersey.

Let's be clear: when it comes to pot, there are really only two options. The first is possession of under 50 grams, in which the charge is a disorderly persons offense (non-indictable, although you will be arrested, booked, and arraigned). The second is possession of over 50 grams. This one, considered intent to distribute, is, according to N.J.S.A 2C:35-10, a crime of the fourth degree, and can carry with it a fine of up to $25,000.00. It gets even better: possess drugs within 1,000 feet of a school zone, and if you're not imprisoned (as defined by the penal code), you'll have a mandatory 100 hours of community service you'll have to complete.

When it comes to determining whether or not there was intent to distribute, the factor most largely examined by the court is the amount of the drug that was seized by police. Someone caught with 30 grams of pot is more likely to convince a judge that it was for personal use than say, someone caught with 585 grams (about one pound). Some even try to argue that their 200+ grams of marijuana in the freezer bag in their desk drawer is for personal use, and that they just prefer to "stock up". Your personal preference of keeping a full stash is simply not persuasive or relevant for legal purposes.

In a Court of law, even with an attorney, that approach will not work. In fact, the New Jersey law allows an individual to possess a relatively large amount of marijuana, 50 grams. It's extremely unlikely that someone who possesses over two ounces of pot would have it and keep it to avoid the inconvenience of seeing their distributor or dealer once a week.

The bottom line? Possession of pot in excess of 50 grams will get someone in a whole lot more trouble than an amount under 50. So if police find you in possession of any pot/marijuana or any controlled substance, call a lawyer, obtain legal counsel, retain an attorney immediately. A good attorney will examine the details of your case, including method of arrest, search, seizure, and measured amount of controlled substance, among other aspects that might affect your welfare and determine the most appropriate legal strategy for your defense.

March 8, 2011

The Difference Between Felony Murder and Manslaughter, as Demonstrated by a Long Branch Man

So it would seem that Qumere McClendon, 24, of Long Branch got lucky on his acquittal of murder. Sadly for him, he was convicted on the counts of manslaughter and felony murder, in addition to numerous others to do with the case. This is a tough case for any attorney.

Any kind of murder is a felony. However, this is a specific name for a certain circumstance of murder. Felony murder states that if a murder occurs during the commission of another felony, say robbery, perhaps, then the party who committed the robbery is also responsible for the murder. This also applies to other crimes such as rape, arson, and kidnapping. Now here's where it gets interesting: if there are multiple people involved in the initial felony, each one of them is responsible for the subsequent murder... even if they did not have a hand in killing the victim!

For example, if two people rob a bank, and a bank teller is murdered in the process, the one who drove the car is just as indictable, for that murder as the one who actually shot the teller. The driver is as serious a criminal, in the eyes of the law, as the person who fired a gun or wielded a weapon in the robbery. Additionally, the penalties for a felony murder conviction are just as severe as those for actual murder in the state of New Jersey.

Murder and manslaughter are two different things. Murder, as it is defined, denotes certain malice involved with carrying out the act. While manslaughter is by no means an "innocent" act, the intent behind it is perceived to be one less malicious, less cold, and less absolute than that of murder. One could say that with murder, "he knew exactly what he was doing", and with manslaughter, "maybe he didn't know exactly, but had a pretty good idea." These legal distinctions, as you can see, can have a huge impact on the sentence imposed upon the Defendant. Further, a Defendant might not realize how serious some of his or her actions relating to another's crime can be in a legal sense. What is clear: The services of a criminal defense attorney are crucial in order to protect your rights if charged with a crime.

May 21, 2010

This Attorney's Hobby Became Criminal: Unlawful Surveillance

This Georgia attorney practices tax law, but he now will get an education in criminal law. According to his website, Mr. Tenney enjoys photography in his spare time. It seems that the hobby occupies his working time as well. A female employee of his allegedly found a camera hidden under her desk. Also a CPA, Mr. Tenney spend 2 hours in jail, before being freed on $10,000.00 bail.

This case is a good illustration of what it means for a defendant to be charged with numerous counts. Many people often wonder why some crimes warrant multiple counts. Does that make the crime more severe? This is a common misconception which an attorney can easily clarify and defend against.

The severity of a crime is measured in degrees. Though you might hear the terms "felony" and "misdemeanor" on Law and Order, these terms of art are not used in New Jersey. Instead, the terms "indictable" or "non-indictable" are used. For example, a 1st degree case is the most severe and a 4th degree the least with respect to indictable crimes. Non-indictable crimes are typically lesser crimes, and frequently occur in municipal court. Non-indictable crimes are classified as disorderly person offenses.

The phrase "multiple counts" refers to how many times the crime is committed. Each instance an accused person allegedly commits a crime equates to one count, even if it was the same victim and same action repeated. This surveillance case alleges that the victim was recorded on three different occasions. As such, there are three separate counts relating to the different dates on which the Defendant allegedly recorded the victim without her knowledge. A skilled attorney should be hired at the first possible moment, to sort through the requirements of each degree of a charge and whether or not there is proof that they are met, as well as the circumstances that generated the multiple counts.